Matter
- Main postulates of kinetic molecular theory of matter.
- Explanation of change of state of the matter on the basis of inter particle space and inter particle attraction and collision.
- Law of conservation of mass.
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Revise and review the topic on Physical and Chemical Changes taught in earlier classes.
- Physical and Chemical changes – Classification with examples.
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Revision of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures taught in earlier classes.
- Elements, compounds and mixture – a brief explanation.
- Separation of the components of a mixture.
- Emphasis on the principle of separation.
Atomic Structure
- Fundamental subatomic particles present in an atom: electrons, protons, neutrons.
- Nucleus and extra nuclear parts.
- Atomic number and mass number.
Language of Chemistry
- Symbols of elements.
- Formulae of compounds.
- Chemical equations
- Law of conservation of mass.
- Balancing simple equations.
- Relate the law to the balancing of simple equations.
- Information gathered from a chemical equation.
- Limitations of a chemical equation: Catalyst, conditions for the reaction, state of the reactants and products, nature of the chemical reaction are not gathered from the equation.
Chemical Reactions
- Types of reactions:
- Combination
- Decomposition
- Displacement
- Double displacement.
- Reactivity series:
- Predict the reactivity of metals
- Endothermic and exothermic processes/ reactions.
- Neutralization reaction.
- Decomposition reactions to form Oxides.
- Classification of oxides:
- Acidic
- Basic
- Amphoteric
- Neutral
Hydrogen
- Preparation of hydrogen, from water – electrolysis (Introduction to terms electrode, electrolyte, electrolysis – detailed process not required).
- Preparation of hydrogen in the laboratory.
- Preference of zinc as the metal to be used (with reasons).
- Choice of dilute acids (other than dil. nitric acid).
- Bosch’s process.
- Properties and uses of hydrogen.
- Oxidation and Reduction.
Water
- Dissolution of salts in water – meaning and explanation.
- Universal solvent – meaning.
- Solutions, suspensions, colloids.
- Differentiate unsaturated/saturated and supersaturated solutions.
- Suspensions and colloids.
- Water of crystallisation.
- Hydrated and Anhydrous substances, hygroscopic.
- Reactivity of metals with cold water, hot water and steam (with products formed).
- Hard and soft water and methods of softening of hard water.
- Disadvantage of using hard water.
- Removing hardness of water by boiling or by treating with washing soda.
Carbon and its Compounds
- Allotropes of Carbon – definition and explanation.
- Crystalline and amorphous nature of allotropes of carbon.
- Uses of diamond, graphite, coke, coal, soot.
- Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of carbon dioxide
- Physical properties of Carbon dioxide.
- Chemical properties of Carbon Dioxide.
- Acidic nature.
- Reaction with lime water.
- Properties and uses of Carbon monoxide.
- Emphasis on use as reducing agent in the extraction of iron.